In order to survive and develop their own civilization, human beings exploit and consume a large number of resources on the earth, and constantly create pollution and greenhouse effect. At present, with the increasing consumption of mineral energy on Earth, renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar power, hydro power and tidal power are clean energy sources, which can continue to provide effective support for the development of human civilization in the future.
However, there has been a myth that wind power is a waste of energy because it affects the environment and may cause global warming. Many countries have already dismantled wind turbines in large numbers. How is clean energy causing global warming? How is it so bad?
First let's look at how wind turbines produce electricity.
Solar power generation is a direct power generation method that uses solar energy semiconductor electronic devices to effectively absorb solar radiation energy and convert it into electric energy, which is the mainstream of solar power generation today. Wind power generation uses wind to generate mechanical energy to generate electricity. There are two main ways to convert wind into mechanical energy:
1. Horizontal shaft generator
2. Vertical shaft generator
Horizontal shaft generator is to use the wind blows the propeller blade, using its pitch to produce a lateral force, so that the wind energy converted into mechanical energy of the propeller, and then drive gearbox transmission, converting low speed into high speed, so as to drive the generator power generation, supplemented by variable speed device in the gearbox, keep generator rated output frequency and voltage.
In order to make the wind turbine as much power as possible, so the diameter of the wind turbine propeller will be very large, some even more than 100 meters. Because the size of the wind is related to the total area swept by the rotor driven by the blade, the larger the wind turbine is built, in order to maximize the utilization rate.
The principle of the vertical axis is similar, but the vertical axis fan has the advantage of no steering mechanism, it can be 360 degrees of omnidirectional wind can be converted into mechanical energy. However, the biggest problem of vertical shaft generator is the low efficiency, about 40%, so now most of the common wind power generation is still horizontal shaft generator, and some types of vertical shaft fan also need to give an initial rotation moment to start.
So how harmful is the fabled wind power?
1. Wind power generation will harm the local ecological environment, such as destroying vegetation, changing topography, resulting in soil erosion and desertification.
2, wind power, influence regional climate wind wind power is the use of the atmosphere, according to the law of conservation of energy, a kind of energy consumption and produce will need to produce or consume another kind of energy, the wind turbine power generation process is bound to consume a part of the atmosphere wind, the wind as one of the important factors of climate change, the change will lead to climate change.
3. The environment around the wind farm is good, so it will become a paradise for many birds, but a large number of birds will be hurt by the wind turbine.
4, the noise harm of wind power generation.
In fact, wind turbines in the process of operation will indeed cause a lot of inevitable harm, but for any kind of energy utilization and development and use, more or less will bring some harm to nature.
Such as fossil fuels, coal and oil in the combustion will produce large amounts of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases, and cause serious greenhouse effect, wind power and even changed the local microclimate, small environment and temperature, but from the point of view of environment and climate, the degree of the harm far less harm after burning fossil fuels.
As for bird damage, according to a 2009 study, for every 1GWh of electricity generated by wind farms, about 0.3 birds die. But fossil fuels are worse for birds, killing 5.2 birds per GWh, dozens of times more than wind power.
For noise pollution, the vast majority of wind turbine due to the large unit, land area is large, so I usually choose the sparsely populated rural plains, grasslands peak or very few people live in the top of the hill, even in shallow water areas, human beings cannot live in relative to the land and offshore wind power generation systems development space is almost no limit, can save a large amount of land resources; The wind shear is small, which can effectively reduce the tower height of the unit, and the construction cost of offshore wind power is lower. Offshore wind energy resources are far more abundant than onshore, with higher wind speeds and significantly higher power generation. At the same time, the sea level friction force is small, acting on the unit load is small, the unit life can be up to 50 years; Noise, birds, landscape and electromagnetic interference have relatively little impact on offshore wind power. Basically no impact on the ecological environment, green environmental protection.
Our neighbor Japan is a country that is very focused on the development and use of clean energy. According to Kyodo News on May 19, the Japanese government has set a goal of increasing offshore wind power capacity to a maximum of 45 gigawatts (equivalent to 45 nuclear power units) by 2040. Ahead of offshore construction, the government has designated four ports -- Akita, Noyo (Akita Prefecture), Kashima (Ibaraki Prefecture) and Kitakyushu (Fukuoka Prefecture) -- as ports capable of handling huge supplies.
On May 21, Shandong's energy bureau released a draft of the province's 14th Five-Year Plan for energy development, which states that about 85 million kilowatts of renewable power will be installed by 2025. We will implement the action Plan to double renewable energy, focusing on photovoltaic power and wind power and supplementing them with biomass, geothermal energy and Marine energy. It will actively develop offshore wind power resources in the Bohai Sea, the north of the Peninsula and the south of the Peninsula, with a focus on building offshore wind power bases of ten million kilowatts. We will accelerate the construction of affordable offshore wind power projects and promote the large-scale development of offshore wind power. By 2025, the installed capacity of wind power will reach 25 million kW.
Recently, the Notice of the National Energy Administration on the Development and Construction of Wind Power and photovoltaic Power Generation in 2021 (hereinafter referred to as the Notice) was issued. For the implementation of "carbon peak, carbon neutral" goal, in 2030 and non-fossil energy of primary energy consumption to around 25%, wind power, solar power generation with a total installed capacity of 1.2 billion kw or more tasks, such as "notice", in 2021, the national wind power, photovoltaic power generation accounts for the proportion of electricity consumption to around 11% in the whole society, further improve year by year, We will ensure that non-fossil energy consumption accounts for around 20% of primary energy consumption by 2025.
Thus, wind power is not a way of energy utilization, great hazard as long as reasonable layout rationally develop and use, through continuous policy support, guide the advanced scientific research organizations and enterprises to increase r&d investment in wind power, photovoltaic technology, further reduce the cost and promote the development of wind power, photovoltaic industry, will continue to improve the international competitiveness of China's wind power, photovoltaic industry.