The brake disc, also known as the brake disc, is the friction couple on the disc brake, and the vehicle rotates with the wheels when moving. When the vehicle is braking, the caliper clamps the brake disc to friction brake, to slow down or stop the vehicle.
According to Semi Trailer Manufacturers, a qualified brake disc should not only have the required strength and stiffness, but also have as strong and stable friction coefficient as possible, as well as proper wear resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation and heat capacity.
A, brake disc design structure classification
1. Solid plate
Solid plate is one of the most common, but also the most used in the original factory. Its structure is relatively simple, the production cost is relatively low.
The advantages are relatively stable, durable, regular replacement can be used, maintenance costs are considerably lower; the disadvantage is that the friction coefficient is tiny, the high temperature resistance performance is poor, the safety factor is low under high-speed braking or continuous braking, and the fuel consumption is also relatively high.
Under normal circumstances, the solid brake disc is more installed in the rear wheel of the vehicle or the front wheel of the minicar with light load.
2. Ventilation plate
The ventilation plate can also be called a hollow plate, its interior is hollow, cold air can pass through the middle to cool down, longitudinal ventilation holes can be seen, the internal structure is intertwined, typically used to be straight channel design, later with the progress of vehicle technology, gradually changed to bending and pillar channel, used to improve the heat dissipation function.
The ventilation disc can be regarded as an advanced version of the solid disc. To a certain extent, it can prevent the overheating of the brake disc, reduce the heat attenuation, and achieve better braking effect. At the same time, because part of the disc body is removed from the ventilation disc, the dead weight is reduced to a certain extent, and the inertia during rotation can be reduced. But the structure is more complex, manufacturing and maintenance costs are higher than the solid plate.
ventilation disc is one of the most common on the market at present, the front and rear wheels of vehicles are suitable.
3. Punch plate
The hole punching plate is to punch holes on the surface of the ventilation plate to obtain stronger heat dissipation effect. It is typically used for top-performance sports couples, which can improve the heat recession resistance performance. In addition, due to the existence of holes, the braking effect can be improved to some extent. From the appearance of the punch plate is relatively cool, deep appearance association of car owners prefer.
But with the continuous upgrade of the brake disc material, some people think that there is no need to drill from the brake disc: disc drilling, the strength of the brake disc will decline, one more hole strength is weak; the design of the hole needs to consider the balance of the brake disc. If the distribution is not uniform, there is a certain impact on the main axis of the moving vehicle; due to the existence of the hole, the friction area of the disc decreases, and the friction force will also have a certain loss. After punching, the heat conduction area of the brake disc surface is also reduced, which offset the heat dissipation effect of the ventilation hole to a certain extent. In addition, the hole around the use of a period of time due to stress is prone to appear fine marks or cracks. Therefore, these people suggest that those who love quick cars or down the track owners had better not use the punch tray.
4, the line plate
The role of the scribing plate is to dissipate the powder generated by the friction between the brake pad and the brake disc as soon as possible through the scribing groove, to avoid the dust on the brake disc to produce rolling friction affecting the braking effect, so as to enhance the friction between the brake pad and the brake disc, and maintain a good braking effect.
Secondly, the performance of the underlined plate against heat decay and water decay is also excellent, and the heat dissipation is relatively rapid. It is also suitable for vehicles that frequently run on mountain roads. Of course, the manufacturing cost is also high, and the supporting brake pads should also be selected with high specifications.
The same as the drilling disc, the scribing disc for the brake disc material and production process requirements are also relatively high, need to comprehensive consideration of the design, in addition to the scribing disc to obtain a higher friction force at the same time, to a certain extent, also means that the wear degree of friction plate is increased accordingly.
5. Punching and marking plate
Also known as "top speed disk" or "modified disk", are typically assembled in high performance vehicles such as racing cars, sports cars or sport vehicles. Although it seems to be a combination of a drilling disc and ascribing disc, the holes in this type of brake disc may not be entirely drilled through, providing heat dissipation performance while maintaining the structure of the brake disc.
Its advantages are that it can meet the use of a variety of road conditions, with strong heat attenuation resistance, water attenuation performance, excellent heat dissipation; the disadvantage is that the wear of the friction plate is larger, the material and processing requirements of the brake disc are also relatively high. If you do not have the corresponding technology or no professional guidance, it is best not to DIY, otherwise the brake disc fracture, the consequences are unimaginable.
6. Wave plate
In contrast, this kind of brake disc is relatively rare, different from the ordinary circular brake disc.. wave disc adopts the wave-like circular design. The biggest advantage is more lightweight and better heat dissipation performance. Of course, more significant is the visual design effect, commonly used in top-end models.
Two, brake disc material classification
1. Cast iron brake disc
In general, the more common brake disc material is gray cast iron 250, referred to as HT250, equivalent to the American G3000 standard.
To say the advantages of cast iron brake disc, the most obvious is low cost, great strength. Basically every steel factory has the ability to produce cast iron brake disc. This material is strong and durable, has a high melting point, friction generated heat will not make it easy to soften; the disadvantage is that it is easy to oxidize and rust, and the heat attenuation performance is slightly worse when braking at elevated temperature.
At present, more than 90% of the vehicles on the market are using cast iron brake discs.
2. Ceramic brake disc
The ceramics here are not ordinary ones, but carbon fiber ceramics, a composite ceramic made of carbon fiber and silicon carbide at 1700℃.
The carbon fiber ceramic brake disc has superior efficiency and stable thermal decay resistance, numerous times higher than ordinary brake disc, but less than half the weight of ordinary cast iron disc. These discs produce maximum braking force immediately from the initial braking phase, resulting in faster response, SHORTER braking distance, and greater durability than conventional braking systems.
Carbon fiber ceramic brake disc belongs to the top material at present, because of the particularity of manufacturing process and material, the price is also relatively costly, so it is mostly used in high-grade sports cars, ordinary vehicles are difficult to get a wide range of promotion.
At present, some manufacturers in the market will also cast iron and carbon fiber ceramic two materials integrated, launched a surface after carbon fiber treatment of cast iron brake disc, integrated the advantages of cast iron and ceramic two materials, the price is between the two.